A whistleblower is an individual who reports malafide or criminal activity in an organization. Those activities are usually non-compliant with applicable laws and regulations, unethical, and in violation of public safety and health. The information is usually given to parties that can stop such wrongdoings, such as regulators, shareholders of the company, or law enforcement.
Given the complicated state of things, especially if the whistleblower has been involved in such activities, several laws are enacted to prevent retaliation, such as the Whistleblowers Protection Act, Dodd-Frank Act, and Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Here are the following types of whistleblowing:
Source: https://www.entrepreneurshipsecret.com/types-of-whistleblowing/